Author(s):

Ashwathanarayana R and Raja Naika

Abstract: Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek. (F.: Rubiaceae), an important ethno-medicinal shrub/small tree, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, grows up to 4 meter tall the plant is endemic to peninsular India. Plant parts like bark pulverized or in decoction is used for visceral obstructions arthritis. Leaves and roots used in poultices for boils and itches, decoction of leaves used externally for hemorrhoidal pains. Pavetta crassicaulis plant parts like roots used in the treatment of visceral problems and dropsy, bark is used on the victims of epilepsy, boiled leaves used to prepare decoction to cure hemorrhoids, urinary complaints, and anticephalagic. Fruits used as anthelmintic and flowers are eaten fried. For preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial assay, flower samples were collected, shade-dried for 21 days and subjected for soxhlet extraction. Polarity wise the solvents used to extract the crude compound are, hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol. In the preliminary phytochemical analysis, hexane, petroleum ether showed negative results and chloroform crude extract shows positive result for flavonoids. The ethanolic crude extract showed positive reaction for Saponins, Flavonoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Phenols and Sterols. The flower crude extract of Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek. was screened against pathogenic four fungal strains and nine bacterial strains by zone inhibition test. For fungal pathogens hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform extract shows nil effect and ethanolic extract showed noticeable antifugal activity at 50 and 100% concentration, so that, the flower crude extract was good effect on tested fungal pathogens mainly Crysoporium and Trichophyton species. For bacterial strains the crude extract shows dose dependent inhibition. The maximum inhibition zone observed in ethanolic crude extract for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumonia, the antibacterial properties may due the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, saponins and sterols in the ethanolic extract.

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