Author(s):

AV Kshirsagar, SD Magar and SA Jawale

Abstract: A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity against a particular disease. Vaccine contains weak or a killed pathogens of bacteria or virus which stimulates our immune system. Edible vaccines are genetically modified crop, in which edible part generally fruit or vegetables act as a vector of vaccine. It is plant based orally delivered vaccine. In edible vaccine production selected gene for antigenic proteins introduced into plant through various plant genetics techniques. Induced gene alters the plant to manufacture the encoded protein. Edible vaccine contains the antigen protein and devoid of pathogenic genes hence edible vaccine assures its safety. Fruits are most suitable for edible vaccine as there is no need to cook them. Cooking i.e. heat denatures the protein of edible vaccine. Banana, Papaya is most suitable for edible vaccination as it grow quickly, content high amount of Vitamin A which boost immune response. However, it spoils rapidly after ripening and contains very little protein. An edible vaccine replaces painful vaccination procedures. Compare to conventional vaccine, edible vaccine is needle free, low cost, eliminates the need for refrigeration, can be stored near to site of use, safe, and provide mucosal and systemic immunity. Edible vaccine are being developed for number of human and animal infectious disease like hepatitis B, cholera, measles, FMD etc. They may also help to suppress auto immunity diseases like type-I diabetes. Fruit derived edible vaccines have double benefit of creating immunization as well as treating malnutrition. It may lead to a future of safer and more effective immunization if significant challenges can be overcome.

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