Dinesh Pandey

Agriculture underpins human survival and economic development, supplying food, fiber, feed, and ecosystem services. Over the last century, productivity growth has been driven by technological change—ranging from improved germplasm and fertilizers to mechanization, digitization, and precision agriculture. Yet the sector faces compounding pressures: climate change, land degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, volatile markets, and social inequities. This review synthesizes historical trajectories, the current global and Indian agricultural landscape, emerging technologies (with emphasis on micro irrigation and digital tools), sustainability frameworks, policy architectures, and future directions. We argue that a just, climate resilient transformation hinges on context specific intensification, inclusive value chains, stronger risk management, and governance innovations that align farm level incentives with landscape scale outcomes.

Pages: 1796-1798  |  138 Views  68 Downloads