Akashi Sharma, Brajeshwar Singh and Upma Dutta

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells because of mutation that occur in proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene. The p53 tumour suppressor gene and gene product are among the most diverse and complex molecule involved in cellular function. Nearly 50-60% of cancer occur due to mutation in p53. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy could improve the survival of cancers patient, but most patients with advanced cancer usually have a poor survival or could not afford the high cost of chemotherapy. India has the largest pool of patients with cancer. In India, preventive oncology and early detection is much more important than drug discovery. The emergence of oncolytic virus provided a new strategy for us to alleviate or even cure malignant tumors. An oncolytic virus can be described as a genetically engineered or naturally existing that can selectively replicate in cancer cells and kill them without damaging the healthy cells. On the other hands the viral infection will activate virus directed immune responses, and may trigger immune response directed against tumor cells. There have been many kinds of oncolytic viruses such as Herpes virus, Adenovirus and Coxsackievirus. In 2004, RIGVIR, a non-pathogenic cytopathic human orphan virus, was approved in Latvia for treatment of melanoma and become the first oncolytic virus approved by regulatory authorities for cancer treatment. Three viruses currently use in clinical uses, RIGVIR, Oncorine and T-VEC have shown satisfactory therapeutic effects. Oncolytic viruses could be the next remarkable wave in cancer immunotherapy.

DOI: 10.22271/phyto.2024.v13.i5a.15051

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