ArishaSri Sundaramoorthy, Vignesh Rajappan, Renuga Duraisamy, Bharathi Balakrishnan, Devika Senthilkumar and Udhaya Nila Durai

Dental health is a key part of overall wellness, and mouthwashes act as important additions to regular plaque removal methods like brushing and flossing. Mouthwashes are liquid solutions that help cut down on bacteria, manage plaque, reduce bad breath, prevent tooth decay, and enhance gum health. They are categorized into cosmetic, therapeutic, herbal, and specialized varieties, each defined by their active ingredients and purposes. Traditional chemical mouthwashes, especially chlorhexidine, are widely recognized for effectively handling plaque and gum issues, thanks to their strong antibacterial properties and durability. However, using them for a long time can lead to negative effects such as teeth discoloration, changes in taste, and irritation of the mouth lining, along with possible health risks when swallowed. This has led to increased interest in herbal mouthwashes that use plant-based chemicals with properties that fight germs, act as antioxidants, and reduce inflammation. Common plants used include neem, clove, turmeric, green tea, and cinnamon, all of which are known for their oral health benefits both traditionally and scientifically. Herbal mouthwashes are generally considered safer for at-risk groups, such as kids, pregnant women, diabetics, and people with dry mouth, since they usually do not contain alcohol, synthetic preservatives, or artificial colors. Recent advancements in the formulation of mouthwash have led to the creation of specialized rinses that address specific issues like dry mouth, sensitive teeth, and viral infections, including studies on reducing SARS-CoV-2 levels. Nonetheless, herbal mouthwashes still need more thorough clinical research to confirm standardized dosages, safety measures, and long-term effectiveness when compared to chemical options. This review looks at the development, ingredients, types, potential benefits, and drawbacks of both chemical and herbal mouthwashes. It also stresses the need to rely on evidence for incorporating natural products into dental care to offer effective, affordable, and safe options that align with global efforts to lessen oral health issues.

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