Author(s):

SA James, Efe M Omwirhiren, Z Ladan, N Alhassan and SN Mohammed

Abstract: Spectroscopy plays a major role in phytochemical characterization of medicinal plants. In this research, we report the characterization of antidiabetic fractions of partially purified ethanolic leaf extract of Murayya koenigii, Telfairia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina and Hibiscus cannabinus using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Various fractions each were obtained from plants extract by column chromatography. Spectroscopy studies on the various fractions of Telfairia occidentalis absorbed maximally at 385nm, while 1^st fraction of Murayya koenigii absorbed maximally at 340nm. Also, Hibiscus cannabinus absorbed maximally at 420nm, while the 2^nd fraction of Vernonia amygdalina absorbed maximally at 350nm. The Infrared spectrum of Murayya koenigii transmit maximally at 3899.06cm^-1, 3446.59 cm^-1, 2342.57 cm^-1, 1732.73 cm^-1, 1652.03 cm^-1, 1507.02 cm^-1, and 1489.39 cm^-1 which indicates the presence of functional groups such as O-H stretch of Alcohols, C-H stretch of Alkanes, C≡C stretch of Alkynes, C=O stretch of Ketones, C=O stretch of Aldehyde, ring C=C stretch of Aromatic compound and C=C stretch of Aromatic compound respectively. While the infrared spectrum of Telfairia occidentalis transmit maximally at 3711.40 cm^-1, 3445.08 cm^-1, 2921.93 cm^-1, 1506.37 cm^-1 and 1077.75 cm^-1. These indicate the presence of functional group such as O-H stretch of Alcohol, C=C stretch of Aromatic compound, N-H stretch of secondary amine and N-H stretch of primary amines respectively. The Infrared spectrum of Hibiscus cannabinus transmit maximally at 3445.21cm^-1, 2923.88 cm^-1, 2359.13 cm^-1, 1738.76 cm^-1, 1682.68 cm^-1, 1557.73 cm^-1, and 1455.79 cm^-1 which indicates the presence of functional groups such as O-H stretch of Alcohols, C-H stretch of Alkanes, C≡C stretch of Alkynes, C=O stretch of Ketones, C=O stretch of Aldehyde, ring C=C stretch of aromatic compound and C=C stretch of Aromatic compound respectively. While the infrared spectrum of Vernonia amygdalina transmit maximally at 3646.20 cm^-1, 3445.23 cm^-1, 2341.38 cm^-1, 1557.75 cm^-1 and 1456.09 cm^-1; indicating the presence of functional group such as O-H stretch of Alcohol, C=C stretch of Aromatic compound, N-H stretch of secondary amine and N-H stretch of primary amines respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was carried out for all fractions to view the structural morphology of the plant’s micrograph; were oval, cubic and spherical shapes where commonly associated with the extracts. The implication of the various findings were highlighted and discussed.

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