Author(s):

Soudamani Karjee, Sourav Mahapatra, Dharampal Singh, Koushik Saha and Pradeep Kumar Viswakarma

Abstract: Double haploids are the plants, generated spontaneously or induced by chromosome duplication of a haploid plant. They are homozygous at all loci which make them a unique line from the parent in respect of its genome constituent. There is a significant utilization of double haploids in breeding program like production of homozygous lines for cross pollinated crops and mutation breeding. Due to haploidization of chromosomes and again doubling them can produce some novel traits, which cannot be expressed under existing diploid condition. This technique has a significant impact on the improvement program of floricultural crops like chrysanthemum, carnation, petunia, rose, iris, lily, phlox etc. Haploids occur spontaneously at a lower frequency but they can be induced by several methods, such as modified pollination methods in vivo (Wide hybridization, Chromosome elimination, Pollination with irradiated pollen, etc.) and by In vitro culture of immature gametophytes. They are made chromosome doubled to achieve stability in trait expression. The newly advanced techniques for production of double haploids not only made the breeding process faster, but opened up a new dimension of crop improvement.

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