Author(s):

Yashaswini Sharma, John Fagan and Jim Schaefer

Abstract: Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is an important medicinal and aromatic herb, used as a raw material for various perfumery, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. S. officinalis belonging to the family Lamiaceae is commercially cultivated for the essential oil and is grown throughout Europe and the United States, and in parts of Turkey, Yugoslavia, and Canada. Leaves are highly aromatic, used for extraction of essential oil, which contains more than 49 aromatic components. The principal components in the sage oil are 1, 8-cineole, camphor, α-thujone, β-thujone, α-humulene, rosmarinic acid, and quercetin. Traditionally garden sage has been used for the treatment of a multitude of ailments such as localized pain, rheumatism, convulsion, arthritis, vertigo, diarrhea, sclerosis, respiratory, metabolic and mental disorders. As the herbal medicines gaining importance in recent years, usage and systematic documentation of such herb are found essential. Thus an effort has been made to collect review about the study on chemistry, its cultivation, medicinal utilization besides its ethnobotanical documentation. Various pharmacological studies revealed that extracts from sage have shown to possess anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and hypolipidemic properties. There were several reports on in-vitro and animal studies confirming its potential cognitive property and its use on memory and nerve related disorders. Environmental conditions suitable for the plant growth, propagation methods, cultural practices, and harvesting methodology are also discussed in detail.

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