Author(s):

Jitendra Kumar, AK Dave, Hemlata Nirala and RK Naik

Abstract: Over the past few decades, several parts of rice-growing regions in India have shifted from the transplanted rice establishment method and broadcasting method to the direct-seeded rice (DSR) establishment method. Unlike the transplanting method of establishment, the DSR establishment method can reduce soil erosion, slow the loss of organic matter, and lessen the degradation of soil’s physical properties. For this reason a field experiment was conducted at research cum instruction farm of IGKV Raipur during 2016 and 2017 kharif season to evaluate the effects of different crop-establishment methods of rice on machine parameter, yield and yield parameters of rice; cost economics under different methods of rice establishment; and analyse the energy requirement of different crop-establishment methods of rice. The combined effect of tillage and seeding treatment under different tillage and sowing methods of rice has been evaluated. In the experiment of dry sowing of rice there were five tillage treatments with two sowing methods as combination was evaluated. In case of wet sowing of rice there were five tillage treatments with only one sowing method as combination was evaluated with randomized block design. The Labour saving of 15.4 and 8 per cent in DSR was observed as compared to mechanized transplanting and broadcasting method of rice establishment during both the years respectively. Tillage and crop establishment methods had a significant effect on rice yields. Yield of DSR was significantly higher (8-10%) than transplanting and broadcasting during both the years. The maximum cost of cultivation was noted under transplanted rice followed by broadcasting rice. The optimum desired seed bed for seeding rice was found under tillage treatment DT₃ and the optimum planting bed for transplanting rice was found under treatment WT₂ in terms of machine parameter, yield attributes, cost economics and energy uses. When compared to transplanted rice, a labour saving of 15-16 per cent (overall) was observed in DSR during both the years. The B: C ratio was highest in direct seeded rice (DSR) in DT₃ treatment (2.65) as compared to DT₁ broadcasting sowing (2.05) and WT₂ transplanted rice (1.60).

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