Author(s):

J Pranay Reddy, Nidhi Dubey, Harshal A Avinashe, Kesha Ram, Kachakayala Rohith and C Chethan Sree

Abstract: In Punjab, agriculture was supported by input and output price structure and superior yields of rice and wheat compared to other crops has almost become a rice-wheat monoculture. Use of combined harvester has further problem of crop residue management as it leaves behind a large amount of rice stubble to be burnt in the open fields. This study brings the problem of agriculture waste burning was 35 million tonnes in the forefront. It tries to form the more amount of pollution being caused by rice stubble burning and its adverse effect on human health. Burning of farm waste causes severe pollution of land and water on local as well as regional scales. It is estimated that burning of paddy straw results in nutrient losses <em>viz</em>., 3.85 million t of organic carbon, 59,000 t of nitrogen, 20,000 t of phosphorus and 34,000 t of potassium. This also adversely influence the nutrient condition in the soil. It results in the emission of smoke, if that smoke is added to the gases present in the air like methane, nitrogen oxide and ammonia can cause severe atmospheric air pollution problem occurs from stubble burning. These gaseous emissions can result in health risk, irritating asthma, chronic bronchitis and decreased lung function. Stubble burning also contributes indirectly to the increased global warming which leads to ozone depletion. The uses of rice residue as fodder; use of rice residue in bio-thermal power plants; use for mushroom cultivation, for bedding material for cattle; its use for production of bio-oil; paper production; bio-gas production, etc. Other uses include the adding of paddy straw in soil, energy technologies and thermal combustion.

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